Medullary Sponge Kidney is a rare disorder characterized by the formation of cystic malformations in the collecting ducts and the tubular structures within the kidneys (tubules) that collect urine. One or both kidneys may be affected. The initial symptoms of this disorder may include blood in the urine (hematuria), calcium stone formation in the kidneys (nephrolithiasis) or infection. The exact cause of Medullary Sponge Kidney is not known.  Read More

Oxalosis is a rare metabolic disorder caused by the overproduction of oxalate in the liver. Genetic mutations that lead to the deficiency of enzymes involved in glyoxalate fixation or reutilization cause the accumulation of oxalate. The accumulation first occurs in the kidney and causes stones, which eventually lead to renal failure. After renal failure, oxalate accumulates first in the blood and then in the eyes, bones, skin,  Read More