About optic nerve papillitis
What is optic nerve papillitis?
Papillitis, also known as optic neuritis, is characterized by inflammation and deterioration of the portion of the optic nerve known as the optic disk. Also referred to as the "blind spot," the optic disk (optic papilla) is that portion of the optic nerve that enters the eye and joins with the nerve-rich membrane lining the eye (retina). The optic nerves are the pair of nerves (second cranial nerves) that transmit impulses from the retina to the brain. Individuals with papillitis experience loss of vision in one eye that may occur within several hours of onset. The severity of visual impairment may vary from case to case, ranging from slight visual deficiency to complete loss of light perception. In addition, affected individuals experience a reduction in color perception. In some cases, spontaneous recovery may occur. However, in other cases, permanent visual impairment may result if the underlying cause is not detected or treated. Papillitis may occur for unknown reasons, after a viral illness, or due to or in association with a number of different underlying disorders or other factors.
What are the symptoms for optic nerve papillitis?
The symptoms of papillitis include loss of vision, Pain in the eye, and interference with accurate color vision (dyschromatopsia).
Individuals with papillitis usually experience unilateral loss of vision. That is, they lose sight in one eye (about 70% of cases), usually within a short time (a few hours) of having become aware of diminished sight. This condition is usually rapidly progressive.
The intensity of vision impairment varies from case to case, ranging from slight visual deficiency to complete loss of light perception. In addition, affected individuals experience a reduction in color perception. In some cases, spontaneous recovery may occur. However, in other cases, permanent visual impairment may result if the underlying cause is not detected or treated. Papillitis may occur for unknown reasons, after a viral illness, or due to or in association with a number of different underlying disorders or other factors.
What are the causes for optic nerve papillitis?
There are many possible causes of papillitis. These include diseases that result in damage to the lining of nerves (demyelinating diseases) such as multiple sclerosis and encephalomyelitis; viral or bacterial infections such as polio, measles, pneumonia, or meningitis; nutritional or metabolic disorders such as diabetes, pernicious anemia, and hyperthyroidism; secondary complications of other diseases; reactions to toxic substances such as methanol, quinine, salicylates, and arsenic; and trauma.
In patients over 60 years of age, a common cause of papillitis is temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis). In such cases, papillitis can spread to the other eye resulting in bilateral blindness.
What are the treatments for optic nerve papillitis?
If spontaneous remission does not occur in people with papillitis it is usually treated with the corticosteroid drugs prednisone or methylprednisolone. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
What are the risk factors for optic nerve papillitis?
Papillitis affects males and females in equal numbers and can occur at any age. A percentage of people with papillitis may eventually be diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.
Is there a cure/medications for optic nerve papillitis?
Also known as a blind spot, the optic disk is the portion of the optic nerve that enters the eye and joins with a nerve-rich membrane called the retina. the optic disk is also called the optic papilla. Inflammation and deterioration of the optic disc are called optic nerve papillitis, which causes visual impairment with varying severity, ranging from slight visual deficiency to complete loss of light perception. The disease progresses so rapidly that the person loses his vision within a few hours from the awareness of diminished vision. The person also experiences pain in the eye, and interference with accurate color vision (dyschromatopsia).
Risk factors
There are well-defined risk factors associated with the condition as follows:
1. Infections: Selective infections such as syphilis pose risks of the disease.
2. Age: Individuals belonging to the age group of 20 to 40 years are at high risk of developing the condition.
3. Gender: Females are twice as prone to the disease as males.
4. Racial predisposition: Caucasian populations are at higher risk compared to other ethnic groups.
5. Geographical location: People based in the northern part of the United States and western Europe have higher incident rates in comparison with those in equatorial regions.
Symptoms
Loss of vision,Pain in the eye,Interference with accurate color vision (dyschromatopsia)
Conditions
Inflammation and deterioration of the portion of the optic nerve known as the optic disk
Drugs
Corticosteroid drugs prednisone or methylprednisolone