Neuroacanthocytosis is a general term for a group of rare progressive disorders characterized by the association of misshapen, spiny red blood cells (acanthocytosis) and neurological abnormalities, especially movement disorders. Chorea, which is characterized by rapid, involuntary, purposeless movements, especially of the face, feet and hands, is the most common movement disorder associated with neuroacanthocytosis. Additional symptoms often d  Read More

Giant axonal neuropathy is a rare neuropathy that severely affects the peripheral as well as the central nervous system. The first symptoms appear in early childhood. This disorder is characterized by abnormalities in the peripheral and central nervous systems including low muscle tone (hypotonia), muscle weakness, decreased reflexes, impaired muscle coordination (ataxia), seizures and intellectual disability. Pale, tightly curled hair is freq  Read More

Azorean neurologic disease is one of the 40 types of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). It is the third type and is called type 3 SCA. Mutations in the gene that codes for the protein ataxin-3 cause the disease. Particularly, the gradual expansion of the CAG repeats is the cause. Normal ataxin-3 is involved in protein homeostasis and cytoskeleton regulation in the central nervous system. The abnormal ataxin protein leads to the los  Read More

Signs and symptoms of Bell's palsy come on suddenly and may include: Rapid onset of mild weakness to total paralysis on one side of your face — occurring within hours to days Facial droop and difficulty making facial expressions, such as closing your eye or smiling Drooling Pain around the jaw or in or behind your ear on the affected side Increased sensitivity to sound on the affecte  Read More

Foodborne botulism Signs and symptoms of foodborne botulism typically begin between 12 and 36 hours after the toxin gets into your body. But, depending on how much toxin was consumed, the start of symptoms may range from a few hours to a few days. Signs and symptoms of foodborne botulism include: Difficulty swallowing or speaking Dry mouth Facial weakness on both sides of the face Blurred  Read More

Brachial plexus palsy, also known as Erb's palsy, is a paralysis or weakness of the arm caused by an injury to one or more nerves that control and supply the muscles of the shoulder and upper extremities (upper brachial plexus). It is more commonly seen in newborns (neonates) and is often the result of a difficult delivery. When it occurs in adults, the cause typically is an injury that has caused stretching, tearing or other trauma to the bra  Read More

Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) is one of several forms of a rare type of muscular dystrophy known as congenital muscular dystrophy. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Symptoms of this disorder are apparent at birth and progress slowly. In addition to general muscle weakness and deformities of the joints (contractures), FCMD is often accompanied by seizures, mental retardation and speech problems. This disorder  Read More

In its early stages, carotid artery disease often doesn't produce any signs or symptoms. The condition may go unnoticed until it's serious enough to deprive your brain of blood, causing a stroke or TIA. Signs and symptoms of a stroke or TIA include: Sudden numbness or weakness in the face or limbs, often on only one side of the body Sudden trouble speaking and understanding  Read More

Congenital hypomyelination neuropathy (CHN) is a neurological disorder present at birth. Major symptoms may include respiratory difficulty, muscle weakness and incoordination, poor muscle tone (neonatal hypotonia), absence of reflexes (areflexia), difficulty in walking (ataxia), and/or impaired abilities to feel or move part of the body.  Read More

Giant axonal neuropathy is a rare neuropathy that severely affects the peripheral as well as the central nervous system. The first symptoms appear in early childhood. This disorder is characterized by abnormalities in the peripheral and central nervous systems including low muscle tone (hypotonia), muscle weakness, decreased reflexes, impaired muscle coordination (ataxia), seizures and intellectual disability. Pale, tightly curled hair is freq  Read More

Congenital hypomyelination neuropathy (CHN) is a neurological disorder present at birth. Major symptoms may include respiratory difficulty, muscle weakness and incoordination, poor muscle tone (neonatal hypotonia), absence of reflexes (areflexia), difficulty in walking (ataxia), and/or impaired abilities to feel or move part of the body.  Read More

Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by muscle, brain and eye abnormalities, often leading to death in the first weeks of life. However, the specific symptoms and severity of WWS can vary greatly from case to case. The most consistent features are (1) a smooth appearance of the surface of the brain due to lack of normal folding pattern (lissencephaly or agyria), often with malformations of other brain stru  Read More

The signs and symptoms associated with chronic exertional compartment syndrome might include: Aching, burning or cramping pain in the affected limb — usually the lower leg Tightness in the affected limb Numbness or tingling in the affected limb Weakness of the affected limb Foot drop, in severe cases, if legs are affected Often occurs in the same compartment of both legs  Read More

Duchenne's paralysis is also known as Brachial plexus palsy and Erb's palsy. This disease is one type of paralysis in the arm, which is caused by an injury to nerves that control and supply the muscles of the shoulder and upper extremities. 1. This disease is commonly seen in newborns and may cause difficult deliveries. 2. In adults, the cause of this disease is typically an injury that has caused stretching  Read More

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the gradual onset of muscle weakness, especially of the pelvic and thigh muscles. Approximately 60 percent of LEMS cases are associated with a small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and the onset of LEMS symptoms often precedes the detection of the cancer. The LEMS patients with cancer tend to be older and nearly always have a long history of smoking. In cases in w  Read More

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). Common symptoms include headaches, fevers, drowsiness, hyperactivity, and/or general weakness. The disorder may have some symptoms similar to those associated with meningitis, such as a stiff neck, altered reflexes, confusion, and/or speech abnormalities. Skin lesions usually are not found in association with herpes simp  Read More

Japanese Encephalitis is a severe inflammation of the brain caused by the Japanese B Encephalitis Virus that is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes in certain areas of the world, particularly Asia. This disorder most commonly affects children and tends to be more actively spread during the summer. Symptoms include high fever, headaches, weakness, nausea, vomiting, paralysis, personality changes, and coma, possibly leading to neurolo  Read More

Slow-growing cancer known as an endocrine tumor, carcinoid type begins in neuroendocrine cells. It is a specific kind of neuroendocrine tumor (NET).Your body contains neuroendocrine cells all around, but they are particularly prevalent in the gut (GI) system. They aid in hormone production and regulate the flow of digestive fluids in your body.Neuroendocrine cells can undergo alterations and develop int  Read More

Brachial plexus palsy, also known as Erb's palsy, is a paralysis or weakness of the arm caused by an injury to one or more nerves that control and supply the muscles of the shoulder and upper extremities (upper brachial plexus). It is more commonly seen in newborns (neonates) and is often the result of a difficult delivery. When it occurs in adults, the cause typically is an injury that has caused stretching, tearing or other trauma to the bra  Read More

A rare and frequently fatal lysosomal storage disorder called galactosylceramide lipidosis causes progressive harm to the nerve system. Galactosylceramide Lipidosis is an autosomal recessive condition marked by abnormal sphingolipid metabolism. The protective covering (myelin sheath) of neurons in the brain and throughout the nervous system is destroyed by this hereditary illness. It typically appears before the age of six mon  Read More

A rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage condition called galactosylceramidase deficiency is brought on by a lack of galactocerebrosidase. Galactocerebrosidase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive condition brought on by a lack of the enzyme (GALC, also known as galactosylceramidase). The liposomal hydrolysis of galactolipids produced during white matter myelination is carried out by the enzyme galactocere  Read More

A rare and frequently fatal lysosomal storage disorder called galactosylceramide lipidosis causes progressive harm to the nerve system. Galactosylceramide Lipidosis is an autosomal recessive condition marked by abnormal sphingolipid metabolism. The protective covering (myelin sheath) of neurons in the brain and throughout the nervous system is destroyed by this hereditary illness. It typically appears before the age of six mon  Read More

An uncommon genetic degenerative illness of the central and peripheral nervous systems is known as globoid cell leukoencephalopathy. It is distinguished by the presence of globoid cells (cells with many nuclei), the breakdown of the myelin sheath that protects nerves, and the death of brain cells. These illnesses result in a severe decline in mental and motor abilities and affect the formation or development of th  Read More

Guillain-Barre syndrome often begins with tingling and weakness starting in your feet and legs and spreading to your upper body and arms. In about half of people with the disorder, symptoms begin in the arms or face. As Guillain-Barre syndrome progresses, muscle weakness can evolve into paralysis. Signs and symptoms of Guillain-Barre syndrome may include: Prickling, pins and needles sensations in your fingers, toes, ankl  Read More

Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by muscle, brain and eye abnormalities, often leading to death in the first weeks of life. However, the specific symptoms and severity of WWS can vary greatly from case to case. The most consistent features are (1) a smooth appearance of the surface of the brain due to lack of normal folding pattern (lissencephaly or agyria), often with malformations of other brain stru  Read More

Parsonage-Turner syndrome is a relatively common condition characterized by inflammation of the network of nerves that control and supply (innervate) the muscles of the chest, shoulders, and arms (brachial plexus). Individuals with the condition first experience a sudden onset of severe pain across the shoulder and upper arm. The muscles of the affected shoulder show weakness, wasting (atrophy), and paralysis (atrophic paralysis) within a few  Read More

Sydenham chorea is a rare neurological disorder characterized by rapid, involuntary, purposeless movements, especially of the face, feet and hands. Additional symptoms may include muscle weakness and emotional or behavioral problems. Sydenham chorea most often affects children and adolescents. Sydenham chorea usually develops following Streptococcal infection and may occur as an isolated finding or as a major complication of acute rheumatic fe  Read More

Kennedy disease is a rare, X-linked slowly progressive neuro-muscular disorder. Kennedy disease is typically an adult-onset disease, where symptoms occur mainly between the ages of 20 and 50. The disease is characterized by symptoms such as muscle weakness and cramps in the arms, legs, and facial area, enlarged breasts, and difficulty with speaking and swallowing (dysphagia). Kennedy disease affects fewer than 1 in 150,000 males and does not t  Read More

If your problem is temporary, or you’re only slightly hypokalemic, you might not feel any symptoms. Once your potassium levels fall below a certain level, you might experience: Weakness Fatigue Muscle cramps or twitching Constipation Arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythms) Hypokalemia can affect your kidneys. You may have to go to the bathroom more often. You may also fee  Read More

Peripheral neuropathy is an umbrella term that denotes a disorder of, or damage to, the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system consists of all the motor and sensory nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body (i.e., the nerves outside the central nervous system). The symptoms and physical findings associated with peripheral neuropathies vary greatly from case to case and may be extremely complex.  Read More

Peripheral neuropathy is an umbrella term that denotes a disorder of, or damage to, the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system consists of all the motor and sensory nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body (i.e., the nerves outside the central nervous system). The symptoms and physical findings associated with peripheral neuropathies vary greatly from case to case and may be extremely complex.  Read More

Peripheral neuropathy is an umbrella term that denotes a disorder of, or damage to, the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system consists of all the motor and sensory nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body (i.e., the nerves outside the central nervous system). The symptoms and physical findings associated with peripheral neuropathies vary greatly from case to case and may be extremely complex.  Read More

Symptoms of Motor Neuron Disease are as follows:1. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: ALS influences your upper as well as your lower motor neurons. Gradually, your control over the muscles that aid you in walking, speaking, chewing, swallowing and breathing is lost. They grow weaker and waste away as time passes. You could experience stiffness and twitches in the muscles.2. Primary Lateral Sclerosis: PLS o  Read More

Motor neuron disease comprises a group of severe disorders of the nervous system characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons (neurons are the basic nerve cells that combine to form nerves). Motor neurons control the behavior of muscles. Motor neuron diseases may affect the upper motor neurons, nerves that lead from the brain to the medulla (a part of the brain stem) or to the spinal cord, or the lower motor neurons, nerves that  Read More

Moyamoya syndrome is defined as a progressive condition that disturbs the blood vessels in the brain. One of its earliest signs of evidence is stenosis or occlusion of the carotid artery present in the skull. Simultaneously, this blockage of blood impels the minute blood vessels at the base of the brain open up. It is said to be an attempt to improve the blood supply. The tiny blood vessels --named moyamoya-- give the disease  Read More

Peripheral neuropathy is an umbrella term that denotes a disorder of, or damage to, the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system consists of all the motor and sensory nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body (i.e., the nerves outside the central nervous system). The symptoms and physical findings associated with peripheral neuropathies vary greatly from case to case and may be extremely complex.  Read More

Opthalmoneuromyelitis, also known as Devic disease, is an acquired condition triggered by autoimmune reactions and certain microbial infections. However, some studies suspect the involvement of genetic factors. It is a rare chronic demyelinating disorder that affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. There are two forms: monophasic and relapsing. Monophasic occurs once that lasts for 30 to 60 days. Whereas it recurs in a relaps  Read More

Optic neuromyelitis, also known as Devic's disorder or neuromyelitis optica, is a central nervous system disease that primarily affects the eye and spinal cord. Effects on the eyes are referred to as optic neuritis, whereas those on the spinal cord are called myelitis. The clinical manifestations are blindness in one or both eyes, weakness or paralysis in the legs or arms, painful spasms, loss of sensation, uncontrollable vomi  Read More

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare condition that leads to blood clots to build small blood vessels across the course of the body. Clots like these can result in severe medical issues if they end up blocking blood vessels and restrict the flow of blood to organs like the brain, kidneys and the heart. A protein of ADAMTS13 enzyme in the blood plays a role in blood clotting. An inadequacy in the ADAMTS13  Read More

Quantal squander or Issac’s syndrome is a rare neuromuscular condition. Hyperexcitability and persistent firing of the peripheral nerve axons responsible for the activation of muscle fibers is the main cause. Treatments Intravenous immunoglobulin is a solution that contains antibodies from the donors Plasma exchange helps to filter toxins and unhealthy antibodies out of the blood stream  Read More

The two main signs of Ramsay Hunt syndrome are: A painful red rash with fluid-filled blisters on, in and around one ear Facial weakness or paralysis on the same side as the affected ear Usually, the rash and the facial paralysis develop at the same time. But in some cases, the rash will occur before the facial paralysis or the paralysis before the rash. Sometimes the rash never materializes. If  Read More

Rasmussen encephalitis, sometimes referred to as Rasmussen syndrome, is a rare disorder of the central nervous system characterized by chronic inflammation (encephalitis) of one hemisphere of the brain. As a result, the patient experiences frequent episodes of uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that cause epileptic seizures (epilepsy). Further symptoms may include progressive weakness of one side of the body (hemiparesis), langu  Read More

When a body develops a complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) due to immense pain and nervous issues is known as Reflex Neurovascular Dystrophy. Its cause is damage to the immune system and sympathetic nervous system. TREATMENTS: Various medical procedures help in getting rid of the disease of RSD on the symptomatic level to some extent. Apart from Physical and Psychotherapy, other methods to treat a p  Read More

Japanese Encephalitis is a severe inflammation of the brain caused by the Japanese B Encephalitis Virus that is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes in certain areas of the world, particularly Asia. This disorder most commonly affects children and tends to be more actively spread during the summer. Symptoms include high fever, headaches, weakness, nausea, vomiting, paralysis, personality changes, and coma, possibly leading to neurolo  Read More

The spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs), are characterized by degeneration of nerve cells (motor nuclei) within the lowest region of the brain (lower brainstem) and certain motor neurons in the spinal cord (anterior horn cells) leading to muscle weakness of the truncal, and extremity muscles initially, followed by chewing, swallowing and breathing difficulties. Motor neurons are nerve cells that transmit nerve impulses from the spinal cord or bra  Read More

POEMS syndrome is an extremely rare multisystem disorder. POEMS is an acronym that stands for (P)olyneuropathy, disease affecting many nerves; (O)rganomegaly, abnormal enlargement of an organ; (E)ndocrinopathy, disease affecting certain hormone-producing glands that help to regulate sexual function, and certain metabolic functions; (M)onoclonal gammopathy or M proteins; and (S)kin abnormalities. Common symptoms include progressive weakness of  Read More

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a condition whereby symptoms are produced from compression of nerves or blood vessels, or both, because of an inadequate passageway through an area (thoracic outlet) between the base of the neck and the armpit. Thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms include neck pain, shoulder pain, arm pain, numbness and tingling of the fingers, impaired circulation to th  Read More

Brachial plexus palsy, also known as Erb's palsy, is a paralysis or weakness of the arm caused by an injury to one or more nerves that control and supply the muscles of the shoulder and upper extremities (upper brachial plexus). It is more commonly seen in newborns (neonates) and is often the result of a difficult delivery. When it occurs in adults, the cause typically is an injury that has caused stretching, tearing or other trauma to the bra  Read More

Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by muscle, brain and eye abnormalities, often leading to death in the first weeks of life. However, the specific symptoms and severity of WWS can vary greatly from case to case. The most consistent features are (1) a smooth appearance of the surface of the brain due to lack of normal folding pattern (lissencephaly or agyria), often with malformations of other brain stru  Read More

Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by muscle, brain and eye abnormalities, often leading to death in the first weeks of life. However, the specific symptoms and severity of WWS can vary greatly from case to case. The most consistent features are (1) a smooth appearance of the surface of the brain due to lack of normal folding pattern (lissencephaly or agyria), often with malformations of other brain stru  Read More

The spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs), are characterized by degeneration of nerve cells (motor nuclei) within the lowest region of the brain (lower brainstem) and certain motor neurons in the spinal cord (anterior horn cells) leading to muscle weakness of the truncal, and extremity muscles initially, followed by chewing, swallowing and breathing difficulties. Motor neurons are nerve cells that transmit nerve impulses from the spinal cord or bra  Read More

X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a rare genetic neuromuscular disorder that is characterized by muscle weakness that can range from mild to profound. Symptoms are often present at birth, but may first develop during infancy or early childhood. In rare cases, symptoms may not develop until later, even adulthood. Common symptoms include mild to profound muscle weakness, diminished muscle tone (hypotonia or "floppiness"), feeding difficult  Read More